Yethula:
Emkhakheni wesayensi yezinto zokwakha,titanium dioxide(Tio2) kuqhamuke njengengxenye ekhangayo enobubanzi bezicelo. Le mpikiswano inezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zamakhemikhali nezomzimba, okwenza kube yinto ebaluleke kakhulu emikhakheni eminingana yezimboni. Ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele izimfanelo zawo ezihlukile, isakhiwo se-titanium dioxide kufanele sifundwe ngokujula. Kulesi sifundo sebhulogi, sizohlola ukwakheka kwe-titanium dioxide futhi sikhanyise ngezizathu eziyisisekelo ngemuva kwezici zalo ezikhethekile.
1. Isakhiwo seCrystal:
I-Titanium Dioxide inesakhiwo sekristalu, kunqunywe ngokuyinhloko ngelungiselelo layo elihlukile lama-athomu. NokhoTio2Inezigaba ezintathu ze-crystalline (i-anatase, i-rutile, neBrootoite), sizogxila kulezi zinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu: uRutile kanye ne-anatase.
A. Isakhiwo seRetile:
Isigaba se-rutile saziwa nge-tetragonal crystal sakhiwo, lapho i-athomu ngayinye ye-titanium izungezwe ama-athomu ayisithupha komoya, yakha i-octahedron esontekile. Leli lungiselelo lakha ungqimba oluminyene lwe-atomic ngelungiselelo eliseduze eligcwele umoya-mpilo. Lesi sakhiwo sinikeza ukuqina nokuqina okukhethekile, okwenza kube lula ukuthola izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi upende, ubumba, ngisho nakuleli shi sunscreen.
B. Isakhiwo se-Anatase:
Endabeni ye-anatase, ama-athomu e-titanium ahlanganiswe ama-athomu ama-ocygen amahlanu, akha ama-octahedrons abelana ngemiphetho. Ngakho-ke, leli lungiselelo liphumela ngesakhiwo esivulekile ngokwengeziwe anama-athomu ambalwa ngevolumu yeyunithi ngayinye ngokuqhathaniswa ne-rutile. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuphansi, i-anatase ekhombisa izakhiwo ezinhle ze-photocatalytic, okwenza kube yingxenye ebalulekile kumaseli elanga, izinhlelo zokuhlanza umoya kanye nezimbobo zokuzihlanza.
2
Igebe le-band ye-Energy ngesinye isimilo esibalulekile se-Tio2 futhi sinomthelela kwizakhiwo zayo ezihlukile. Leli gebe linquma ukuqina kukagesi ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokuzwela kwalo ekutholeni ukukhanya.
A. Isakhiwo se-ruter band:
URutile Tio2Inegebe elincanyana elincanyana elicishe libe cishe ngo-3.0 eV, okwenza kube ngumqhubi kagesi olinganiselwe. Kodwa-ke, isakhiwo salo se-band singadonsa ukukhanya (UV) ukukhanya (UV) ukukhanya, okwenza kube yinto elungele ukusetshenziswa kulabo abavikela i-UV njenge-sunscreen.
B. Anatase Band Sakhiwo:
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-anatase ekhombisa igebe elibanzi le-band elingaba ngu-3.2 eV. Lesi sici sinika i-anatase tio2 umsebenzi omuhle we-photocatalytic. Lapho kuvezwa ukukhanya, ama-elektroni ebhendi le-valence ajabule futhi agxume ebhendini e-conduction, okubangela ukusabela okuhlukahlukene nokuncipha kwezokwenzeka. Lezi zakhiwo zivula umnyango wezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinjengokuhlanzwa kwamanzi nokungcoliswa komoya.
3. Ukuhluleka kanye nokuguqulwa:
Le khasiUkwakheka kwe-tio2ayinawo amaphutha. Lezi ziphutha nokuguqulwa kuthinta kakhulu izakhiwo zazo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali.
A. A. I-OXYGEN CHANCEDIes:
Iphutha ngesimo sezikhala ze-oksijini ngaphakathi kwe-tio2 lattice yethula ukugxila kwama-elektroni angavuthiwe, okuholela emsebenzini okhuphukile we-catalytic kanye nokwakhiwa kwezikhungo zombala.
B. Ukuguqulwa komhlaba:
Ukulungiswa komhlaba okulawulwayo, njengokudla nge-doping namanye ama-ion wensimbi noma ukusebenza nge-organic compounds, kungathuthukisa futhi izakhiwo ezithile ze-tio2. Isibonelo, ukudonsa ngezinsimbi ezifana neplatinamu kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo kwe-catalytic, kuyilapho amaqembu e-organic accessional angathuthukisa ukuqina kokwaziswa kanye ne-plaativity.
Ekuphetheni:
Ukuqonda ukwakheka okungajwayelekile kwe-Tio2 kubalulekile ukuqonda izakhiwo zalo eziphawuleka nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa. Ifomu ngalinye le-crystalline ye-Tio2 linezakhiwo ezihlukile, ezivela esakhiweni se-tetragonal ruter esigabeni esivulekile, esisebenzayo se-PhotoCatalytic. Ngokuhlola izikhala zebhendi yamandla kanye neziphambeko ezintweni zokwakha, ososayensi bangaphinde bandise izakhiwo zabo zokufaka izicelo ezisukela kumasu wokuhlanza ukuze avunwe amandla. Njengoba siqhubeka nokuvulela izimfihlakalo ze-titanium dioxide, amandla awo asezingeni lezimboni ahlala ethembisa.
Isikhathi sePosi: Oct-30-2023